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很早就使用湿法冶金来处理某些矿石,这种方法的卓著例子有:金和银的氰化法;铀、釩的酸浸与碳酸盐浸出法,以及用苛性钠溶液从鋁矾土提取氧化鋁的拜耳法等。一般說来,湿法冶金是用来处理不能直接用其他化学方法和难于进行机械选矿的貧矿。上述的一些方法,即使在目前也还繼續广泛地应用着。但是,近年来对处理矿石的湿法冶金出现了一种有明显增长的兴趣,对于这方面的研究和应用有显著的发展,应該指出的有以下各点: (一) 对很难用其他方法处理的貧矿的利用; (二) 新凝聚剂的发展,解决了对湿法冶金技术的沉淀和过滤問題; (三) 全新技术的发展,如离子变換法和溶剂提取有价金属; (四) 高溫和高压的利用,得到了完全新的結果和大大改善相应的湿法冶金过程。
Some of the ores have long been used for hydrometallurgical processing. Outstanding examples of such processes include the cyanidation of gold and silver, acid leaching of uranium and vanadium and carbonate leaching, and the use of caustic soda solutions from aluminas Soil extraction of alumina Bayer process. In general, hydrometallurgy is used to treat lean mines that can not be directly beneficiated by other chemical methods and mechanical processing. Some of the above methods continue to be widely used even now. However, there has been a marked increase in interest in hydrometallurgy processing ore in recent years. There have been notable developments in the research and application of this aspect. The following points should be pointed out: (1) (Ii) the development of new flocculants to solve the problems of precipitation and filtration of hydrometallurgical technologies; (iii) the development of new technologies such as ion-exchange processes and solvent extraction of valuable metals; (D) the use of high temperature and high pressure, has been completely new results and greatly improve the corresponding hydrometallurgical process.