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目的:调查贵州省苗族、布依族、水族三个主体少数民族儿童以及汉族儿童的神经精神发育现状,为贵州各民族儿童心理健康发展提供科学依据。方法:在贵州省苗族、布依族、水族、汉族聚居的7个县,选取4个民族6~84月龄儿童805名进行调查,包括苗族171人、布依族200人、水族217人、汉族217人。应用首都儿研所研制的0~6岁小儿神经心理发育量表进行测量儿童神经精神发育情况,应用t检验、方差分析、单向有序资料的Ridit分析比较四民族儿童神经精神发育现状。结果:贵州省苗族、布依族、水族、汉族儿童神经心理发育平均发育商低于全国常模[(88.6±11.1),(91.4±11.3),(82.8±13.5),(84.1±12.3)vs.(100.0±15.0);均P<0.01]。四民族间平均发育商差异较大(P<0.01)。四民族儿童均是大运动发育最好,语言发育最差。四民族儿童神经精神发育无明显的性别和年龄差异。四民族儿童发育商评价分段分析平均发育商均呈正态分布,应用单向有序资料的Ridit分析进行四民族儿童平均发育商评价分段分析,差异有统计学意义(F=5.96,P<0.01)。同时通过LSD和SNK两两间比较均发现,水族儿童与汉族、苗族儿童神经精神发育构成差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。苗族儿童大运动发育高于汉族儿童(P<0.01);布依族儿童语言发育(P<0.01)、平均发育商(P<0.05)高于汉族儿童;水族儿童各方面发育与汉族儿童无明显差异。结论:贵州四民族儿童神经精神发育中,大运动发育较好,语言发育较差。
Objective: To investigate the current situation of neuropsychological development in ethnic minorities in Miao, Buyi and Shui ethnic groups in Guizhou Province and to provide scientific basis for the mental health development of all ethnic groups in Guizhou. Methods: 805 children from 6 to 84 months from 4 ethnic groups were surveyed in 7 counties inhabited by Miao, Buyi, Shui and Han nationalities in Guizhou Province, including 171 Miao people, 200 Buyi people, 217 Shui people, 217 Han people people. The neuropsychological development scale of children aged 0 ~ 6 years developed by Capital Institute was used to measure the neuropsychological development of children. The t-test, ANOVA and Ridit analysis of one-way ordinal data were used to compare the neuropsychological development of children of Si nationality. Results: The average neuropsychological development of Miao, Buyi, Shui and Han children in Guizhou was lower than that of the national norm (88.6 ± 11.1), (91.4 ± 11.3), (82.8 ± 13.5) and (84.1 ± 12.3) vs. (100.0 ± 15.0), all P <0.01]. The average growth among the four ethnic groups was significantly different (P <0.01). Four national children are the best development of large-scale sports, language development is the worst. There is no obvious gender and age difference in neuropsychic development in Si minority children. The mean developmental quotient of four nationality children’s developmental developers was segmented. The average developmental quotient of the four nationality children’s developmental operators showed a normal distribution. Ridit analysis of one-way ordinal data was used to analyze the average developmental quotient of four ethnic children. The difference was statistically significant (F = 5.96, P <0.01). At the same time, LSD and SNK comparisons between two groups showed that there were significant differences in neuropsychological development between aquatic children and Han and Miao children (both P <0.01). The development of Miao children was higher than that of Han children (P <0.01). The language development of Buyi children (P <0.01) and the average developmental quotient (P <0.05) were higher than those of Han children. There was no significant difference in the development of aquatic children compared with Han children . Conclusion: During the neuropsychological development of children in Si nationality in Guizhou, the development of large-scale exercise is better and the language development is poor.