The use of hydrogel-delivered extracellular vesicles rin recovery of motor function in stroke: a tes

来源 :中国神经再生研究(英文版) | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:xiaomantou_2001_78
下载到本地 , 更方便阅读
声明 : 本文档内容版权归属内容提供方 , 如果您对本文有版权争议 , 可与客服联系进行内容授权或下架
论文部分内容阅读
Neural tissue engineering, nanotechnology and neuroregeneration are diverse biomedical disciplines that have been working together in recent decades to solve the complexproblems linked to central nervous system (CNS) repair. It is known that the CNS demonstrates a very limited regenerative capacity because of a microenvironment that impedes effective regenerative processes, making development of CNS therapeutics challenging. Given the high prevalence of CNS conditions such as stroke that damage the brain and place a severe burden on afflicted individuals and on society, it is of utmost significance to explore the optimum methodologies for finding treatments that could be applied to humans for restoration of function to pre-injury levels. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), also known as exosomes, when derived from mesenchymal stem cells, are one of the most promising approaches that have been attempted thus far, as EVs deliver factors that stimulate recovery by acting at the nanoscale level on intercellular communication while avoiding the risks linked to stem cell transplantation. At the same time, advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have offered the potential of using hydrogels as bio-scaffolds in order to provide the stroma required for neural repair to occur, as well as the release of biomolecules facilitating or inducing the reparative processes. This review introduces a novel experimental hypothesis regarding the benefits that could be offered if EVs were to be combined with biocompatible injectable hydrogels. The rationale behind this hypothesis is presented, analyzing how a hydrogel might prolong the retention of EVs and maximize the localized benefit to the brain. This sustained delivery of EVs would be coupled with essential guidance cues and structural support from the hydrogel until neural tissue remodeling and regeneration occur. Finally, the importance of including non-human primate models in the clinical translation pipeline, as well as the added benefit of multi-modal neuroimaging analysis to establish non-invasive, in vivo, quantifiable imaging-based biomarkers for CNS repair are discussed, aiming for more effective and safe clinical translation of such regenerative therapies to humans.
其他文献
Alzheimer\'s disease is a progressive brain disorder and complex mechanisms are involved in the physiopathology of Alzheimer\'s disease.However, there is data suggesting that inflammation plays a role in its development and progression. Indeed, some n
Parkinson\'s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a combinationof severe motor and non-motor symptoms. Over the years, several factors have been discovered to play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease, in particular, neuroinfla
The adaptability of the central nervous system has been revealed in several model systems. Of particular interest to central nervous system-injured individuals is the ability forneural components to be modified for regain of function. In both types of neu
Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with cognitive impairment in older adults.The accumulation of insoluble forms of amyloid-β (Aβ) in plaques in extracellular spaces and the aggregation of hyperphosphorylate
期刊
Perinatal complications, such as asphyxia, can cause brain injuries that are often associated with subsequent neurological deficits, such as cerebral palsy or mental retardation. The mechanisms of perinatal brain injury are not fully understood, but mitoc
Astrocytes are integral components of the central nervous system, where they are involved in numerous functions critical for neuronal development and functioning, includingmaintenance of blood-brain barrier, formation of synapses, supporting neurons with
Orexins comprise two neuropeptides produced by orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and are released by extensive projections of these neurons throughout the central nervous system.Orexins bind and activate their associated G protein-coupled orexin
Neuropeptide Y (NPY),a metabolism-related cardiovascular factor,plays a crucial role in blood pressure (BP) regulation via peripheral and central pathways.The expression of NPY receptors (Y1R/Y2R) specific to baroreflex afferents impacts on the sexually d
Spinal cord injury can lead to severe motor, sensory and autonomic nervous dysfunctions. However, there is currently no effective treatment for spinal cord injury. Neural stemcells and progenitor cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, olfactory enshea
Epidural spinal cord stimulation (ESCS) markedly improves motor and sensory function after spinal cord injury (SCI),but the underlying mechanisms are unclear.Here,we investigated whether ESCS affects oligodendrocyte differentiation and its cellular and mo