首先将无线传感器网络的路由问题转化成求解最小Steiner树问题,然后给出了求解无线传感器网络路由的蚁群优化算法,并对算法的收敛性进行了证明．最后对找到最优解后信息素值的变化进行了分析．即在限制信息素取值的条件下,当迭代次数充分大时,该算法能以任意接近于1的概率找到最优解,并且当最优解找到后,最优树边上的信息素单调增加,而最优解以外边上的信息素在有限步达到最小值． Firstly, the routing problem of wireless sensor networks is transformed into the problem of solving the smallest Steiner tree. Then, an ant colony optimization algorithm for solving the routing of wireless sensor networks is given and the convergence of the algorithm is proved. Finally, the change of pheromone value after finding the optimal solution was analyzed. That is, under the condition of limiting the pheromone value, when the number of iterations is large enough, the algorithm can find the optimal solution with any probability close to 1, and when the optimal solution is found, the pheromone on the edge of the optimal tree is monotone Increase, while the pheromone outside the optimal solution reaches the minimum value in a finite step.