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由于地质作用与地下采矿的原因,造成了各种形状的地下空洞。地下空洞在国民经济建设中具有重大的意义。未经探明的空洞可能对其上方兴建的工程建筑物(如水电站、大坝、工业厂房)造成难以估量的损失。但我们又可利用地下空洞作为油库或气体(如甲烷)库,地下的水封油库已在国内外日益广泛采用,它不仅造价低,而且具有战备意义。地下某些喀斯特溶洞的发现,提供了发展旅游事业的机会。而有些空洞还能用来修建地下建筑物(如仓库、车间、停车场等)。关于地下空洞的测绘方法,我们已有过专文介绍,本文着重介绍新技术在空洞测绘中的应用。空洞测绘的方法可分为四大类:光学仪器法、摄影测量法、超声波法及电磁波法。空洞测绘是工程测量的难题之一,这是由于空洞内光线暗淡,多
As a result of geological and underground mining, various forms of underground voids have been created. Underground caverns are of great significance in the construction of the national economy. Unexplained voids may cause incalculable damage to the engineering structures (such as hydroelectric power stations, dams, and industrial plants) built above them. However, we can also use underground caverns as an oil depot or gas (such as methane) reservoir. The underground water-sealed oil depot has been increasingly used at home and abroad. It is not only low in cost, but also has strategic significance. The discovery of some underground karst caves provides opportunities for the development of tourism. And some holes can also be used to build underground buildings (such as warehouses, workshops, parking lots, etc.). With regard to the underground cavern mapping method, we have introduced special articles. This article focuses on the application of new technologies in void mapping. The methods of void mapping can be divided into four major categories: optical instrumentation, photogrammetry, ultrasonics, and electromagnetic waves. Hollow surveying is one of the difficulties in engineering surveying. This is due to the dim light in the caverns.