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含铜/镍金属酶的成熟需要一系列的铜/镍金属伴侣蛋白,这些铜/镍金属伴侣蛋白分别参与铜或者镍的转运,对维持细胞体内铜/镍金属平衡至关重要,同时金属酶完成金属催化活性中心的组装也依赖于这类伴侣蛋白。近年来关于铜/镍金属蛋白的研究取得可喜的进展,这些研究为进一步认识体内铜/镍平衡体系提供了重要依据。本文首先简要地介绍铜的摄取和细胞内平衡体系,接着着重介绍三个重要的铜转运蛋白Atox1、Cox17和CCS关于结构和功能的进展,以及这些铜转运蛋白和药物相互作用的机理。然后详细介绍在氢化酶和脲酶成熟路径中参与了镍的摄取、调节、转运和存储,维持细胞内镍金属平衡的镍伴侣蛋白,并介绍了脲酶、氢化酶这两条成熟路径之间的联系。
The maturation of copper / nickel metalloenzymes requires a series of copper / nickel metal chaperones that are involved in the transport of copper or nickel, respectively, and are crucial for maintaining the copper / nickel metal balance in the cells, while metalloenzymes The assembly of metal catalytically active centers also depends on such chaperones. In recent years, the research on copper / nickel metal protein has made gratifying progress, these studies provide an important basis for further understanding of the copper / nickel balance system in vivo. This article starts with a brief introduction of copper uptake and intracellular equilibrium systems, followed by an overview of the structural and functional advances of the three important copper transporters, Atox1, Cox17 and CCS, and the mechanisms of these copper transporters and drug interactions. Then, the nickel chaperones, which participate in the uptake, regulation, transport and storage of nickel and maintain the balance of intracellular nickel, are introduced in detail in the mature pathway of hydrogenase and urease. The relationship between the two mature pathways of urease and hydrogenase is introduced .