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本文依据全球国际水域评估53号亚区——孟加拉湾的研究成果。文章介绍了该地区情况,指出孟加拉湾区的发展指标有很大的差别,生活在南亚地区的大量贫困人口是一个需要特别关注的因子。文章选择了3个地理区域进行详细分析:①恒河-布拉马普特拉河-梅加拉亚河河流系统;②马来西亚美保(Merbok)河口红树林区;③孟加拉国的萨德班斯(Sunderbans)红树林区。水资源综合管理要依靠孟加拉国、印度和尼泊尔国为了共同利益进行地区间相互合作,文章对此提出了相应的政策建议。文章还分析了马来西亚城市化和孟加拉国养虾业无序扩展对红树林生态系统的影响。要通过改进管理方法,在保护自然生态系统安全同时提高养虾业经济效益。总之,这些措施需要成为各国为实现联合国制定的世纪发展目标而努力奋斗的组成部分。
This article is based on the findings of the Global International Waters Assessment No. 53 Subregion-Bay of Bengal. The article introduced the situation in the area, pointing out that there are great differences in development indicators in the Bay of Bengal. The large number of poor living in South Asia is a factor requiring special attention. The article selected three geographical areas for a detailed analysis: (1) the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghalaya river system; (2) the Merbok estuary mangrove area in Malaysia; (3) (Sunderbans) mangrove area. Integrated water resources management relies on regional cooperation among Bangladesh, India and Nepal for common interests, and the article puts forward corresponding policy suggestions. The article also analyzes the impact of urbanization in Malaysia and the unorganized expansion of shrimp farming in Bangladesh on mangrove ecosystems. To improve the economic efficiency of shrimp farming while improving the safety of natural ecosystems by improving management practices. In sum, these measures need to be an integral part of all countries’ efforts to achieve the goals set by the United Nations in this century.