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本文利用“西部省份社会与经济发展监测研究”数据,比较分析了转型期维吾尔与汉族的教育分层及其影响因素。研究发现,维、汉民族的教育分层主要集中于初中和高中升学阶段。大学升学率上的不平等主要存在于城乡和阶层之间,民族不平等因政策因素基本消弭。统计结果显示,两个民族的教育不平等大部分是由民族人口的城乡分布不平衡、阶层结构(或家庭背景)差异所致,但民族文化与学校文化的兼容问题及教育理念的作用也不可忽视。相对而言,维吾尔族人口内部教育获得的城乡、阶层分化比汉族更为明显。因而,维吾尔族教育问题既是社会阶层或城乡问题,也是民族问题。要想实现各民族共享发展,还是要从改善广大中下阶层的受教育环境做起。
Based on the data of “Research on the Monitoring of Social and Economic Development in Western Provinces”, this paper compares and analyzes the educational stratification of Uyghur and Han Chinese in the transition period and its influencing factors. The study found that the educational stratification of Uyghur and Han nationalities mainly concentrated on the middle school and high school progression. The inequality in university enrollment rates mainly exists between urban and rural areas and between strata, and ethnic inequality basically disappears due to policy factors. The statistical results show that most of the education inequalities between the two ethnic groups are mainly caused by the unbalanced distribution of urban and rural populations and the differences in social stratification (or family background) among ethnic groups. However, the compatibility between ethnic cultures and school culture and the educational concept can not be used either Neglect. Relatively speaking, the urban-rural and class differentiation obtained by the Uyghur population’s internal education is more obvious than that of Han people. Therefore, the issue of Uyghur education is not only social class or urban-rural issue but also ethnic issue. If we want to realize the shared development of all ethnic groups, we should start from improving the educational environment of the vast middle and lower classes.