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以我国黄淮海和南方大豆产区的153份大豆育成品种为材料,选用26对EST-SSR分子标记通过Power Marker V 3.25等软件对其进行遗传多样性、相似性与特异性分析。结果表明:153份大豆共检测到238个等位变异,变幅3~25个,平均8.1个;多态信息量变幅0.15~0.87,平均0.61;遗传变异丰富。基于EST-SSR分子标记的聚类分析将153个材料聚为3大类13小类。特异性分析表明,黄淮海产区的育成品种的特有等位变异较南方产区的多,特缺等位变异要少于南方,1991-2000年的特有等位变异最多;随着时间的推移,大量的外来育种材料应用于大豆育种,大豆育成品种的遗传基础有所拓宽。EST-SSR标记适用于大豆育成品种遗传多样性研究,研究结果可以为以后大豆种质资源保存与新品种的选育提供分子水平上的理论支持。
The genetic diversity, similarity and specificity of 153 soybean breeding cultivars from Huang-Huai-Hai and southern soybean producing areas in China were studied by using 26 pairs of EST-SSR markers using software such as Power Marker V 3.25. The results showed that a total of 238 alleles were detected in 153 soybean cultivars, ranging from 3 to 25, with an average of 8.1. The amount of polymorphic information varied from 0.15 to 0.87 with an average of 0.61. The genetic variation was abundant. Cluster analysis based on EST-SSR markers aggregated 153 materials into 3 major categories and 13 minor categories. Specific analysis showed that there were more specific alleles in the cultivars of Huang-Huai-Hai producing area than those in the southern areas, with the least-significant allele variation being less than that in the South, with the most significant allelic variation in 1991-2000. With the passage of time , A large number of exotic breeding materials used in soybean breeding, soybean breeding varieties have broadened the genetic basis. EST-SSR markers are suitable for genetic diversity of soybean breeding varieties. The results of this study can provide theoretical support for the future conservation of soybean germplasm resources and selection of new varieties.