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有的学者认为，现代世界体系理论是伊·沃勒斯坦等人从本世纪70年代开始建立起来的。《〈英国工人阶级状况〉1892年德文第二版序言》是恩格斯晚年写的一篇重要文献，现代资本主义世界体系的思想是贯穿全篇的思想之一。马克思主义在资本主义世界体系形成的时间和地点、维系方式、变化特点和未来发展趋势等方面，与现代世界体系理论有许多相似之处。在两个重要问题上，现代世界体系理论没有马克思主义认识得那样深刻、准确。马克思主义、发展主义思潮等，或许是现代世界体系的理论渊源之一。
Some scholars think that the modern world system theory was established by Yi Wallerstein and others since the 1970s. “The Working Class in England> Preface to the Second Edition of German in 1892” is an important document written by Engels in his later years. The thought of the modern capitalist world system is one of the ideas that runs through the whole article. Marxism has many similarities with the modern world system theory in terms of the time and place of formation of the capitalist world system, its mode of maintenance, its changing characteristics and its future development trend. On two important issues, the modern world system theory is as profound and accurate as Marxist understanding did. Marxism and the trend of developmentism may be one of the theoretical origins of the modern world system.