系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)侵犯中枢神经系统和外周神经系统,导致出现相应神经精神性症状及体征,称为神经精神性狼疮(neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus,NPSLE)。NPSLE并不少见,可见于1/4～3/4的SLE患者,且病死率为7%～19%[1-3]。NPSLE已成为SLE的重要死亡原因,目前国内对儿童NPSLE关注不多,因此在某种程度上未能及时对NPSLE作出正确诊断。 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) attacks the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system, resulting in the corresponding neuropsychiatric symptoms and signs, known as neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). NPSLE is not uncommon, can be seen in 1/4 ~ 3/4 of SLE patients, and the mortality rate of 7% to 19% [1-3]. NPSLE has become an important cause of death in SLE. At present, there is not much attention given to children’s NPSLE in China, so to a certain extent, NPSLE can not be properly diagnosed in time.