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目的探讨肾移植围手术期的水电解质平衡维护及营养支持的方法和时机。方法以移植肾动、静脉血流开放时间为分界点,总结患者围手术期的生理特点,分析患者血流开放前、多尿期及恢复期的营养支持治疗及水、电解质平衡的维护,并依据输液方案进行治疗。结果移植肾动、静脉血流开放前的输液应以胶体如浓缩红细胞、血浆及清蛋白为主,多尿期应规律及时补充水及电解质,适当的营养支持有助于吻合口愈合,尿量稳定后应预防代谢性酸中毒。结论肾移植患者围手术期内环境复杂多变,及时有效地维护水、糖、电解质平衡及营养支持治疗至关重要。
Objective To investigate the methods and timing of perioperative water and electrolyte balance maintenance and nutritional support during renal transplantation. Methods Taking the time of transplanted renal artery and venous flow as the cut-off point, the perioperative physiological characteristics of patients were summarized. The nutritional support and the balance of water and electrolyte maintenance before and after open blood flow, polyuria and convalescence were analyzed. According to the infusion program for treatment. Results Transplantation of renal artery and venous flow before the infusion should be colloid, such as concentrated red blood cells, plasma and albumin-based, polyuria should be regular and regular replacement of water and electrolytes, appropriate nutrition support anastomotic healing, urine output Stable should prevent metabolic acidosis. Conclusion The perioperative environment of patients with renal transplantation is complicated and changeable. It is very important to maintain the balance of water, sugar and electrolytes and nutritional support timely and effectively.