一切修辞活动都发生在一定的交际过程中。作为一个完整的交际过程,粗略地说,它应包括两个方面;一是交际主体(说写者)的言语表达,表达的过程,也就是进行修辞活动的过程;一是交际客体(听读者)的言语理解以及基于理解之上的言语厅应。就这两个方面来说,有时是相接的(如口语交际),表现为一个连续的过程;有时是相隔的(如书面交际),表现为一种非连续的过程。我们知道,修辞的目的是要使言语取得最佳表达效果。人们从事修辞研究或修辞教学,都需要就言语表达对交际目的实现情况,即修辞的效果作出评价。评价修辞效果当然不能脱离特定的交际过程,但具体分析起来,究竟是两方并重还是有所侧重?若是有所侧重,又该侧重于哪一方面?过去,我们在评价修辞效果时,往往是侧重于主体表达,即看说写者所选择的言语 All rhetorical activities have taken place in a certain process of communication. As a complete communicative process, it should be roughly speaking, it should include two aspects: one is the communicative subject (writers), the process of expression, expression, that is, rhetorical activities; one is the communicative object ) Speech understanding and understanding based on the speech hall should be. In both cases, sometimes connected (such as oral communication), the performance of a continuous process; sometimes separated (such as written communication), manifested as a non-continuous process. We know that the purpose of rhetoric is to make the best expression of speech. People engaged in rhetorical research or rhetorical teaching, we need to make speech evaluation of the realization of the purpose of communication, that rhetorical evaluation. Of course, rhetorical effects can not be divorced from the specific communicative process. However, when we analyze the rhetorical effects, we should pay attention to both the two sides. If we focus on the two aspects, which one should we focus on? In the past, when we were evaluating rhetorical effects, Focus on the main expression, that is, to see the writer’s choice of language