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在岩石、矿物的常量分析中测定全水,约在100年以前提出的Penfield法,至今仍然广泛采用。将Penfield法变通应用于微量分析有过不少工作,但是并未很好地解决。美国的Benedetti-Piohler采用末端吹球中间烧缩成细腰的特殊形状微量Penfield管,称入样品后将开口端加热,拉成毛细管,采用干冰冷却;加热脱水后将样品球烧熔拉去,再熔封毛细管的末端,用电动离心机将冷凝的水份收集于末端中;割留含冷凝的水份的毛细管部分(～30mm)称重;最后用离心机甩去这段毛细管中的水,再称重;差值为全水量。英国的贝尔切等使用相似形状的微量Penfield管;于细腰至毛
Determination of total water in rock, mineral constant analysis, the Penfield method proposed about 100 years ago, is still widely used. There has been a lot of work to do with Penfield Transfiguration applied to trace analysis, but it has not been well solved. The United States Benedetti-Piohler using the end of the middle of the ball blowing into a special shape of a small waist Penfield small tube, called the sample after the open end of heating, pulled into the capillary tube, the use of dry ice cooling; heated dehydration will sample ball melted away, The ends of the capillaries are fused again and the condensed water is collected in the tip with an electric centrifuge; the capillaries (~ 30 mm) containing the condensed water are cut and weighed; and finally the water in the capillaries is centrifuged , Then weighed; the difference is the total amount of water. British Bechtel and other similar use of micro-Penfield tube; in the waist to the hair