孙中山领导了模式独特的武装起义。革命领袖16年间流亡海外,远离斗争前线,其主要任务是在除非洲之外的整个世界募集资金。组织者的衣食住行,购置武器装备,秘密运送回国,雇募起义人员,抚恤牺牲烈士,安置收容失散人员等无一不依赖资金。资金来源多元化,获得多寡视劝捐力度而丰歉不同。用度方向紧扣革命需要。供应链分布于全球华人所到之处,多种劝捐方法并用,承诺回报丰厚。革命党人未能建立后方根据地,后勤供应完全依赖他援,丧失主动,终至左支右绌。忽视工农力量,普遍存在急于求成的心理,认为“革命之范围,必力求其小,革命之期日,必力促其短。”他们在革命中十分倚重现成的反清力量。经费单薄,无力组织工农组成革命武装,只好利用现成的力量,需要时下去联络、组织,不需要时抛弃之,放弃艰苦细致的教育动员工作,表现为机会主义式的短线操作。 Sun Yat-sen led the model of a unique armed uprising. Revolutionary leaders, exiled overseas for 16 years and far from the front of the struggle, have the main task of raising funds for the entire world except Africa. The basic necessities and time of the organizers, the purchase of weapons and equipment, the return of secret deliveries, the recruitment of personnel for the uprising, the sacrificial bereavement of the martyrs, and the resettlement of stranded people, etc., all rely on funds. Diversification of sources of funding, access to the amount of persuasion and apologize for different apologies. The direction of cost closely linked to the revolutionary needs. The distribution of the supply chain in the world where the Chinese, a variety of persuasion methods and use promised rich returns. When the revolutionary parties failed to establish a rear base, their logistical supplies were totally dependent on him for assistance and their initiative was lost. Ignoring the power of workers and peasants, there is a widespread urgency to find a solution to the problem, believing that “the scope of revolution must be small and the revolution must be shortened.” They relied heavily on ready-made anti-Qing forces in their revolutions. With a weak budget and the inability to organize the workers and peasants into a revolutionary armed force, they have to make use of readily available forces and need to liaise with and organize them when they are not needed. They abandon the arduous and meticulous work of education mobilization and manifest themselves as opportunistic short-term operations.