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在生产高级铸铁的铸件时,必须能有把握地得到按照铸铁牌号所规定的机械性能,但是铸铁是一种多元合金,所以这一问题是相当复杂的.碳素钢的性能,主要是由其含碳量来决定,而普通铸铁的组织与机械性能,则不仅与其碳矽含量有关,而且也与过热温度,炉料成分、铁水的孕育处理及铸件冷凝速度有关.因此铸铁与钢不同,是不能按照这些指数,任意选定牌号来分类的.在苏联国家标准中,铸铁仅按其机械性能分类,而机械性能则是用一定截面的铸件或按铸件壁厚选定直径的试棒来测定的.
In the production of castings of high grade cast iron, the mechanical properties specified in the cast iron grades must be safely available, but cast iron is a multi-elemental alloy, so the problem is quite complex. The properties of carbon steels are mainly due to their Carbon content to determine, and ordinary cast iron organization and mechanical properties, not only with its carbon content, but also with the overheating temperature, charge composition, hot metal processing and casting condensation rate, cast iron and steel is different, can not In accordance with these indices, the grades are chosen arbitrarily, and in the Soviet Union national standard, cast iron is classified according to its mechanical properties only, whereas mechanical properties are determined by castings of a certain cross-section or test bars of selected diameters on the wall thickness of the castings .