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目的了解丽水市50岁以上农民工健康与就医行为及其影响因素。方法 2015年5月1日-6月30日,对500名50岁以上的丽水市农民工进行随机问卷调查。问卷收集农民工健康状况、就医行为及其影响因素的相关信息,通过分析农民工健康以及就医现状,提出优化方案。结果调查的500例农民工自己购买商业医疗保险者仅19.0%,67%的农民工表示只是略微了解自身疾病,且47%的农民工从来没有进行过健康体检。55.0%的农民工每年需要花费1 000~2 500元的医疗费用,明显高于其他区间的人数,其次是2 501~4 000元区间,约有占20%的农民工在此区间,表明农民工每年需要花费相当一部分钱作为医疗支出。身体不适时药店购药的农民工所占比重最大(39.0%),其次为选择三级医院就诊的农民工(31.0%),而社区医院仅仅有5.0%的农民工选择。在方便就医以及消除就医歧视方面,本地区做的较好,但医疗价格问题仍然有待解决。47%的农民工认为看病非常贵,接近半数。医疗技术水平是每位农民工均考虑的因素,其次是医疗机构级别、医疗花费、交通便利性,考虑的农民工分别占86%、87%、70%。结论农民工健康知识相对缺乏,且健康观念较为落后,作为便民服务的社区医院未能完全发挥其功能,除去安全性的考虑,农民工最关心的还是经济负担的问题。因此外来务工人员就医现状有待改善,其问题的解决应立足于充分发挥社区卫生院的作用,并大力开展健康知识的宣传。
Objective To understand the health and medical behaviors of migrant workers over the age of 50 in Lishui City and its influential factors. Methods From May 1, 2015 to June 30, 2015, random surveys were conducted among 500 migrant workers in Lishui City over the age of 50. Questionnaire collected health status of migrant workers, medical behavior and its influencing factors related information, by analyzing the health of migrant workers and the current situation of medical treatment, put forward the optimization plan. Results Of the 500 migrant workers surveyed, only 19.0% of them purchased commercial medical insurance, while 67% said they only knew a little about their own diseases and 47% of migrant workers never had a physical examination. 55.0% of migrant workers need to spend 1 000-2 500 yuan per year on medical expenses, which is obviously higher than that of other sections, followed by 2 501-4 000 yuan, about 20% of migrant workers are in this section, indicating that farmers Workers need to spend a fair amount of money on health care each year. Migrant workers purchasing pharmacy accounted for the largest proportion (39.0%) when the body was not feeling healthy, followed by migrant workers (31.0%) choosing tertiary hospitals and only 5.0% migrant workers in community hospitals. The region is doing better in terms of facilitating medical treatment and eliminating discrimination on medical grounds, but the medical price issue remains to be solved. 47% of migrant workers think seeing a doctor is very expensive, close to half. The level of medical technology is a factor that every migrant worker considers, followed by the level of medical institutions, medical expenses, and transportation convenience. The number of migrant workers is 86%, 87% and 70% respectively. Conclusion The lack of health knowledge of migrant workers and the backwardness of their health concepts make community hospitals that serve as convenient facilities fail to fully play their functions. In addition to safety considerations, migrant workers are most concerned about the economic burden. Therefore, migrant workers need to improve the current situation of medical treatment, and its solution should be based on giving full play to the role of community health centers, and vigorously carry out publicity of health knowledge.