肾移植是终末期肾病的主要治疗方案,不仅可提高患者生活质量,还可延长其生存时间。确保移植肾存活并维持功能是肾移植的终极目标。移植后排斥反应是影响移植肾存活的主要因素。为避免排斥反应,患者须长期应用免疫抑制药物。新型免疫药物的临床应用和并发感染的系统预防减少了急性排 Kidney transplantation is the main treatment for end-stage renal disease, which can not only improve the quality of life of patients, but also extend their survival time. Ensuring graft survival and maintaining function is the ultimate goal of renal transplantation. Rejection after transplantation is the main factor affecting graft survival. To avoid rejection, patients should be immunosuppressive drugs for long-term use. The systemic use of novel immunopharmaceuticals and systemic prophylaxis of concurrent infections have reduced acute plaque