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多孔铝是一种由金属基体和气孔组成的结构功能一体化的新型复合材料,具有密度小、孔隙率可调、强度高等优点。本研究尝试以多孔金属铝为基体,通过在孔内沉积氧化物凝胶得到复合材料,并对比了沉积前后材料的结构与性能变化。实验选择两种不同孔径的开孔泡沫铝作为骨架,以氧化物凝胶为客体,采用液相浸渍法将氧化铁沉积于多孔金属的孔隙中,从而形成一定比例的Al/Fe2O3复合产物。应用扫描电镜、微型断层扫描仪、压汞仪及热分析对装填前后复合体系的结构、形貌、孔隙率、热分解特性等进行了对比分析。结果证实,经过反复浸渍,氧化物凝胶可渗入泡沫铝孔隙,控制适宜的干燥方式维持凝胶骨架不坍塌,从而实现了两者的复合。分析结果显示:浸渍后原泡沫铝的孔隙率明显变小,其中小孔泡沫铝降低幅度更大,从92%降至13%,热分析实验表明多孔铝与氧化物凝胶复合产物的放热峰温为607℃,所得产物在结构含能材料领域具有潜在应用。
Porous aluminum is a new type of composite material with structural function integrated by metal matrix and pores. It has the advantages of low density, adjustable porosity and high strength. In this study, porous aluminum was used as the matrix, and composite materials were obtained by depositing oxide gels in the pores. The structure and properties of the composites were compared before and after deposition. Two types of open-cell aluminum foams with different pore sizes were selected as the framework and the oxide gel was used as the guest substrate. Iron oxide was deposited in the pores of the porous metal by liquid-phase impregnation to form a certain proportion of Al / Fe2O3 composite product. The structure, morphology, porosity, thermal decomposition characteristics of the composite before and after loading were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, microtome scanner, mercury porosimetry and thermal analysis. The results show that after repeated impregnation, the oxide gel can penetrate into the pores of the aluminum foam and control the suitable drying method to keep the gel skeleton from collapsing, thus achieving the compounding of the two. The results show that the porosity of the primary aluminum foam is obviously decreased after the impregnation, and the porosity of the aluminum foam decreases from 92% to 13%. The thermal analysis shows that the exfoliation of porous aluminum and oxide gel composite Peak temperature of 607 ℃, the resulting product has potential applications in the field of structural energy-containing materials.