农业用水直接影响粮食安全生产,通过分析2000-2014年重庆市秦巴山区农业用水变化趋势及农业用水结构,并对影响农业用水变化的相关指标进行主成分分析,找出主导因素.分析结果表明,重庆秦巴山区农业用水量呈逐年上升趋势并趋于平稳,近几年维持在4.6亿m3左右,但农业用水量占总用水量的比例却有所下降,从2000年的55.1%下降到2014年的43.7%;农田灌溉用水占农业用水量的比例逐渐减小,农林牧渔业比例趋向合理,农业用水结构在向合理的方向发展;经济作物种植、农作物结构调整、养殖业发展、人口增长、灌溉面积和气候条件是影响重庆秦巴山区农业用水量变化的主要原因,其中气候因素影响未达到显著水平.具体分析发现,近15年重庆秦巴山区农业用水量增加主要是由于水果和蔬菜种植面积增长、养殖业发展、人口需求增长、有效灌溉面积增加引起的,同时,近几年农业用水量逐渐趋于平稳且未来几年也不会出现大幅增长. The agricultural water directly affects the food security production. By analyzing the trend of agricultural water use and the structure of agricultural water in Qinba Mountains in Chongqing in 2000-2014, the main components of the indicators related to the change of agricultural water use are analyzed and the dominant factors are found out. , The agricultural water consumption in Chongqing Qinba mountain area has been increasing year by year and tends to be stable, maintaining at about 460 million m3 in recent years, but the proportion of agricultural water use to total water consumption has declined from 55.1% in 2000 to 43.7% in 2014; the proportion of farmland irrigation water to agricultural water use gradually decreased; the proportion of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery tended to be reasonable; the structure of agricultural water use was developing in a reasonable direction; economic crop cultivation, crop structure adjustment, aquaculture development, population Growth, irrigation area and climatic conditions are the main factors affecting the change of agricultural water consumption in Qinba Mountains in Chongqing, of which the influence of climatic factors has not reached a significant level.It has been found that the increase of agricultural water consumption in Chongqing Qinba mountain area in recent 15 years is mainly due to the increase of fruit and Vegetable acreage growth, aquaculture development, population growth, effective irrigation area caused by the increase, at the same time, recently Agricultural water gradually stabilized and a few years will not grow significantly in the future.