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目的调查广州市某工地一起登革热暴发疫情,探讨登革热暴发的流行病学特征及原因,为登革热疫情的科学防控提供参考。方法采用描述性流行病学队列研究方法对疫情暴发的危险因素进行分析;采用ELISA、RT-PCR和病毒分离的方法对标本病原学进行检测。结果工地工人登革热罹患率为16.96%;全部病例均在同一潜伏期内发病;未使用防蚊措施(RR=2.9,95%CI=1.6~5.0)、地下室工作(RR=2.6,95%CI=1.5~4.6)、工地板房住宿(RR=5.2,95%CI=1.7~16.3)工人罹患登革热风险更高;叉生分析结果显示工地住宿暴露与地下室工作暴露存在交互作用,工地住宿是主要患病风险,地下室工作增加患病风险。结论工地蚊媒密度高是引起本次疫情的主要原因,工人在工地住宿、地下室工作为共同危险因素,未采取防蚊措施增加了患病风险。尽早隔离病人、杀灭成蚊、清理孳生地是登革热防控的有效措施。
Objective To investigate the epidemic situation of dengue outbreak in a construction site in Guangzhou and to explore the epidemiological characteristics and causes of dengue outbreak so as to provide reference for the scientific prevention and control of dengue fever. Methods A descriptive epidemiological cohort study was conducted to analyze the risk factors of outbreaks. The etiology of specimens was detected by ELISA, RT-PCR and virus isolation. Results The incidence rate of dengue fever in construction site workers was 16.96%; all cases were in the same incubation period; anti-mosquito measures were not used (RR = 2.9,95% CI = 1.6-5.0); basements work RR = 2.6,95% CI 1.5 ~ 4.6). Workers in the boarding houses (RR = 5.2, 95% CI = 1.7 ~ 16.3) had a higher risk of dengue fever. Cross-cutting analysis showed that there was interaction between site accommodation exposure and basement work exposure. Risk, basement work increases the risk of illness. Conclusions The high density of mosquito vectors at the site is the main cause of the outbreak. Workers living in the site and working in the basement are common risk factors, and taking no anti-mosquito measures increases their risk. As soon as possible isolation of patients, kill adult mosquitoes, clearing breeding places is an effective prevention and control of dengue fever.