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目的了解2011-2013年深圳市龙岗区工作场所中有机溶剂的使用情况,为开展有机溶剂的检测、评价及危害防控工作提供依据。方法使用气质联用仪测定3年间201间工业企业的553份有机溶剂样品的挥发性化学成分,并对其检测数据进行统计分析。结果553份样品中位列前3位的分别为清洗剂(33.6%)、胶水(13.9%)和天那水(9.6%)。共检测出95种化学组分,其中有机组份检出率排在前三位的是甲苯(20.61%)、丙酮(15.19%)和正己烷(13.74%)。苯检出率最高的行业为制鞋业(26.3%),检出率最高的有机溶剂为天那水(34.0%);正己烷检出率最高的行业为家具制造业(23.3%),检出率最高的有机溶剂为白电油(73.1%);三氯乙烯检出率最高的行业为五金塑胶行业(15.17%),检出率最高的有机溶剂为清洗剂(5.13%)。结论龙岗区工作场所使用的有机溶剂种类较多,行业分布广泛,是最主要的职业病危害因素,工业企业应明确所使用有机溶剂的成分,选用无毒和低毒的物质替代有毒和高毒的物质。
Objective To understand the use of organic solvents in the workplace in Longgang District of Shenzhen City from 2011 to 2013 and provide basis for the detection, evaluation and hazard prevention and control of organic solvents. Methods Volatile chemistries of 553 organic solvent samples from 201 industrial enterprises in three years were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and their detection data were statistically analyzed. Results The top three in the 553 samples were detergent (33.6%), glue (13.9%) and nemadenia (9.6%) respectively. A total of 95 chemical components were detected. Among the top three organic components, toluene (20.61%), acetone (15.19%) and n-hexane (13.74%) were the most frequently detected organic components. The industry with the highest benzene detection rate was the footwear industry (26.3%), the highest detection rate was Moina (34.0%); the industry with the highest n-hexane detection rate was the furniture manufacturing industry (23.3%); the inspection The highest rate of organic solvent was white oil (73.1%). The highest detection rate of trichlorethylene was hardware and plastic industry (15.17%). The highest detection rate was organic solvent (5.13%). Conclusion There are many types of organic solvents used in the workplace in Longgang District. The industries are widely distributed and are the most important occupational hazards. Industrial enterprises should make clear the composition of organic solvents used, and use non-toxic and low-toxic substances instead of toxic and highly toxic substance.