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近年来高频率的冤错案平反,被解读为新一轮司法改革的“第一个关键词”。2013年和2014年获得平反的23起冤错案,为考察这一群体救济权的实现状况提供了丰富的样本。从申诉控告权看,虽然冤错案平反依赖于偶然性事实因素的情况略微出现改观,但仍存在平反耗时漫长、涉诉法检主动纠错动机不足、既判力危机与审判障碍危机并存等问题。从取得国家赔偿的权利看,当事人取得国家赔偿的时间参差不齐,且耗时过长,申请赔偿额与实际获偿额差距较大,精神损害赔偿所占比例较低。要确保双重内容结构的救济权在冤错案平反与赔偿环节中获得更充分的实现,关键在于组织保障,即确立以审判为中心的平反机制。
In recent years, the high-frequency injustice and miscarriage of justice has been interpreted as the “first key word” of the new round of judicial reform. Twenty-three cases of renegotiation in 2013 and 2014 have provided a wealth of samples for examining the status of the relief rights of this group. However, there are still some problems such as long time to be rehabilitated, lack of motivation to correct mistakes in litigation lawsuit, the coexistence of res judicata crisis and the crisis of judicial imperative. From the point of obtaining the right of state compensation, the time taken by the parties to obtain state compensation varies widely and takes a long time. The difference between the amount of compensation applied and the actual amount of compensation is large, and the proportion of mental damages is relatively low. The key lies in organizational guarantee, that is, the establishment of a trial-centered anti-vice mechanism to ensure that the remedy right of dual content structure is more fully realized in the reparation and compensation of wrong and wrong cases.