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西方经济学的发展是一个非常复杂的过程,学派林立,各抒已见,同一时期完全相左的一种或几种理论、学说往往同时并存,但在资本主义发展的每一阶段,大多又有一种主流经济学说占有统治地位,大危机之前,自由放任学说一直占主流,随后,凯恩斯主义便开始盛行,七十年代中期出现的“滞胀”宣告了凯恩斯理论的缺陷,结果货币主义、供给学派、新自由主义的学说又甚嚣尘上,但在西方国家的实践中也证明了这些理论仍有其不足之处。纵观这些理论,无外乎在自由放任和国家干预两个极点间摇摆,没能突破前人的局限。
The development of western economics is a very complicated process. There are many schools of thought and various theories and theories that are totally different from one another in the same period. Doctrines often coexist at the same time. However, at each stage of capitalist development, most of them have another Key theories of mainstream economy dominated the theory of laissez-faire until the Great Crisis. Keynesianism then prevailed. The “stagflation” in the mid-1970s proclaimed the deficiencies of Keynesianism. As a result, monetarism and supply Theories and schools of neo-liberalism are rampant. However, the practice of western countries proves that these theories still have their own shortcomings. Throughout these theories, nothing less than the swing between the two poles of laissez-faire and state intervention failed to break through the limitations of their predecessors.