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目的对颈静脉孔区的显微解剖进行观察与量化分析,为颈静脉孔区的手术提供解剖依据。方法10例福尔马林及乳胶灌注的头颈标本,20侧颈静脉孔区进行显微解剖观察与测量,显微镜下逐层显露颈静脉孔区结构,并记录数据和留取图像资料,包括颈静脉孔的分隔、硬脑膜结构和孔内神经、血管结构及解剖关系。结果7侧右侧颈静脉孔较左侧大。在颈静脉孔的颅内开口,舌咽神经与迷走、副神经间被纤维或骨性结构隔开,其中Ⅸ和Ⅹ、Ⅺ脑神经之间有纤维(85%)或骨桥(15%)形成的不完全分隔;在颈静脉孔内,脑神经行于颈静脉球上方的内侧,舌咽神经位于最前方,所有神经束均可用显微外科技术分开,副神经的脑根同脊髓根一起进入颈静脉孔后又加入迷走神经。结论颈静脉孔结构复杂,熟悉颈静脉孔及其毗邻结构的解剖,有利于该区域影像诊断和手术的顺利进行。
Objective To observe and quantitatively analyze the microsurgical anatomy of the jugular foramen region and provide an anatomic basis for the operation of the jugular foramen region. Methods 10 cases of formalin and latex perfusion of head and neck specimens, 20 sides of the jugular foramen were observed by microscopic anatomical observation and measurement. The structure of the jugular foramen was revealed layer by layer under the microscope, and the data were recorded and the images were taken, including the neck The separation of veins, the structure of dural and intracortical nerves, the structure of blood vessels and the anatomic relationship. Results 7 right lateral jugular foramen larger than the left. In the jugular foramen of the jugular foramen, the glossopharyngeal nerve is separated from the vagus nerve by the fibers or the bony structure. Among them, fibers (85%) or the bone bridge (15%) between the Ⅸ and Ⅹ and Ⅺ cranial nerves, The formation of incomplete separation; in the jugular foramen, the brain line of the brain above the medial jugular bulb, glossopharyngeal nerve is located in the forefront of all nerve bundles can be separated by microsurgery technology, the nerve root of the accessory nerve along with the root of the spinal cord Into the jugular foramen and then add the vagus nerve. Conclusion The structure of jugular foramen is complex and familiar with the anatomy of the jugular foramen and its adjacent structures, which is conducive to the successful imaging diagnosis and surgery in this region.