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本文研究广东低塱渍水地区主要土壤理化性质及其利用改良。采取田间调查研究与分析化验相结合的办法,结果表明:水稻土的养分含量较高,如有机质、氮素和全钾量均较高,伹速效磷和钾均偏低,冲积土和堆叠土的养分含量则较低(全钾量除外);土壤阳离子交换量、活性铁、锰和有效锌含量均较高,符合一般作物的需要;耕层土壤多属强酸性,pH多为4.5～5.1;土壤质地偏粘(冲积土除外),粘粒含量达30～45％;土壤生态环境条件不良,容易发生涝害,生产没有保证。因此,土壤利用改良的主要措施应是:继续整治水利,改善土壤生态条件;适施石灰,每亩一造约施25kg,增施有机肥;增施磷、钾肥,特别要注意早造施磷肥,晚造施钾肥;在保证粮食生产的前提下,适当发展养鱼(塘与基的面积比例以3:2为宜)、种植甘蔗、花生和水果等经济作物。
In this paper, the physicochemical properties and utilization of main soils in low waterlogging area of Guangdong were studied. The results showed that paddy soil had higher nutrient content, such as high contents of organic matter, nitrogen and total potassium, low available phosphorus and potassium, and alluvial soil and alluvial soil (Except potassium); soil cation exchange capacity, active iron, manganese and available zinc content were higher, which were in line with the needs of general crops; the topsoil was mostly strongly acidic with a pH value of 4.5-5.1 ; Soil texture partial sticky (except alluvial soil), clay content of 30 to 45%; soil ecological environment is poor, prone to waterlogging, production is not guaranteed. Therefore, the main measures to improve soil utilization should be: continue to remediate water conservancy and improve soil ecological conditions; suitable for lime, apply a 25kg per acre, increase organic fertilizer; increase phosphorus and potash, with special attention to early made phosphate fertilizer , Late make potash; under the premise of ensuring food production, the appropriate development of fish farming (pond and base area ratio of 3: 2 is appropriate), planting sugarcane, peanuts and fruits and other cash crops.