在人类文化的早期,也就是巫术时代,人们普遍认为世界是可以按照人的意愿改变的。所谓巫术,就是通过一定的仪式和符咒,企图影响和改变外部世界的走向和进程,使之变得更加符合人们的愿望与利益的实践和相关信念。几乎所有处于蒙昧状态的人,都无一例外地相信人类具有某种超经验超自然的能力,只要通过特定的仪式和符咒激发出这种能力,就 In the early days of human culture, the era of witchcraft, it was widely assumed that the world could be changed according to human will. The so-called witchcraft, through certain rituals and spells, attempts to influence and change the course and process of the external world so as to make it more in line with people’s wishes and interests and their beliefs. Almost all persons in their ignorance, without exception, believe that mankind has some super-supernatural power of experience, and that as long as such powers are elicited by specific rituals and spells