120年前的中日甲午战争,清廷固守“以夷制夷”外交政策,过分依赖“国际公理”和外国势力,自缚手脚,迟滞了军事行动,导致节节败退。战争的惨败,反过来又将外交全面拖入被动。本文从战前、战中、战后三个阶段分析了清廷军事、外交双输的历程,并总结出了教训。 The Sino-Japanese-Sino-Japanese War of 120 years ago, the Qing government’s sticking to its foreign policy of “overcoming the barbarians over the barbarians,” over-reliance on “international justice” and foreign forces, tied up its hands and legs and delayed the military operations, resulting in retreat. The fiasco of the war, in turn, dragged diplomacy into full passivity. This article analyzes the history of the Qing government’s military and diplomatic double losses from pre-war, mid-war and post-war three phases and summarizes the lessons learned.