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乌托邦是齐格蒙特·鲍曼著述中的一个核心议题,是他理解和阐释社会发展和人类生存状况的重要组成部分。鲍曼认为,乌托邦是对未来美好世界的想象,对现实的评判,具有现实性和非现实性。作为一种文化想象或精神信仰,乌托邦属于“可能性”而不是“必然性”的范畴。因此,鲍曼支持整体上的乌托邦精神,反对将其简化为一个特定社会的规划付诸实践。在后现代社会,人类的乌托邦梦想已分解为自我无限膨胀的私人的消费幻想,成为了一种“消费乌托邦”。鲍曼强调乌托邦在历史发展过程中的积极作用,倡导人类共同努力去创造一个更加美好的社会。
Utopia, a core issue of Sigmund Bowman’s writings, is an important part of his understanding and interpretation of social development and human existence. Bowman believed that utopia is an imagination of the beautiful world in the future. It is realistic and unrealistic to judge the reality. As a cultural imagination or spiritual belief, utopia belongs to the category of “possibility” rather than “necessity.” Therefore, Bowman supports the overall utopian spirit and opposes putting it into practice in order to simplify it into a particular society. In the postmodern society, humanity’s utopian dream has been broken down into a self-expanding private consumer fantasy that has become a “consumer utopia.” Bauman emphasized the positive role of utopia in the historical development and advocated mankind’s joint efforts to create a better society.