发音机制极其复杂,全身机能变化可直接或间接影响发声。中枢神经系统疾患,内分泌失常,可导致嗓音障碍。并且往往是内分泌疾患的初发症状,而这类嗓音障碍非局部治疗所能奏效,必须经内科治疗方能获得满意效果。与嗓音关系最为密切是性腺(卵巢与睾丸),现就其变化情况分别叙述于下。(一)变声期:变声乃青春期男女副性征的一种表现,男性随着身体长高,喉结突出,声带长度急剧加长而使话声位下降。变声最早从12岁开始,最晚17～18岁,持续3～12个月,与人种、遗传、气候、风土和生活环境有密切关系。变声期时女性喉部上下径生长明显,而男性喉部向各个方向急速生长,软骨变硬,喉结明显,由于声带长度剧增而喉外形改变略晚,迫使声带增宽、增厚。另外,喉头急剧生长时肌紧张调节 The pronunciation mechanism is extremely complicated, the whole body function changes can directly or indirectly affect the sound. Central nervous system disorders, endocrine disorders, can lead to voice disorders. And is often the first symptom of endocrine disorders, and non-local treatment of such voice disorders can work, you must get satisfactory results by medical treatment. And the voice is most closely related to the gonads (ovaries and testicles), are on the changes are described below. (A) change the sound period: vocal change is a manifestation of adolescent male and female coercion, men with the body height, Adam’s apple prominent, vocal cord length increased dramatically and the voice bit down. The earliest change of voice from the age of 12, the latest 17 to 18 years old, lasting 3 to 12 months, and race, genetic, climate, terroir and living environment are closely related. Variations of female throat when the growth of the upper and lower diameter significantly, while the male throat rapid growth in all directions, cartilage harden, Adam’s apple obvious, due to the dramatic increase in the length of the vocal cords slightly change the shape of the throat, forcing the vocal cords widened and thickened. In addition, the rapid growth of the throat muscle tone regulation