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水文测站流量测验方案的布置和测次安排,往往取决于流量测验误差和定线整编误差的大小。为了经济合理地进行流量测验,以尽可能少的代价,取得数量和精度能够满足使用要求的流量资料,就必须研究流量误差。本文试图将流量测验中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型误差的实测分析资料,同国际标准中有关方法联系起来,对测验误差进行初步分析。(一)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型误差的引入在使用“流速面积法”测流时,必须测量河道的宽度、水深和流速,这三项测量的每个实测值都存在不同程度的误差。鉴于宽度和水深的误差主要由于仪器及其使用情况等引起,本文将不考虑水深和宽度的误差,着重研究由于测定断面平均流速时所产生的随机误差。
Hydrologic station flow test program layout and measurement arrangements, often depends on the flow test error and the alignment error of the size. In order to carry out the flow test economically and reasonably, it is necessary to study the flow error in order to obtain the quantity and the accuracy of the flow data required by the usage with the least possible cost. This paper attempts to flow test in Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ error of the measured data analysis, with the relevant methods of international standards linked to the preliminary analysis of the test error. I. INTRODUCTION OF TYPE I, II, III ERRORS In the case of using the “flow rate area method”, the width, depth and velocity of the river must be measured. Each of the three measurements has different degrees of error. In view of the error of width and water depth is mainly caused by the instrument and its use conditions, this article will not consider the error of water depth and width, focusing on the random error due to the determination of the average velocity of section.