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本文提出实验室模拟轮轨相互作用必须满足的10种基本运动和功能,并简要介绍按这一要求制造的1:4大型和1:10小型轮轨模拟试验机的主要结构、性能以及试验方法。扼要叙述测量轮轨接触面积的“薄膜压痕法”;利用轮廓仪作二维、三维测量确定微量磨损的“磨损面(体)积法”;数据的采集、处理和新型三维力传感器等专门技术。最后给出在不同轴重,不同车轮踏面和不同工况下轮轨磨损模拟试验的初步结果。
This paper presents 10 basic motions and functions that the laboratory must simulate the wheel / rail interaction and briefly introduces the main structure, performance and test methods of the 1: 4 large and 1: 10 small wheel / rail simulation testing machine manufactured according to this requirement . Briefly describe the “film indentation method” for measuring the contact area of wheel and rail; the “wear surface (volume) method” for determining the trace wear by using the profilometer; the special collection and processing of data and the new three-dimensional force sensor technology. At last, the preliminary results of the wheel-rail wear simulation under different axle loads, different wheel treads and different working conditions are given.