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从万历朝至明朝灭亡,宫廷戏剧呈现出热闹繁荣的局面。南曲传奇成为宫廷舞台上的绝对主角,特别是神宗在教坊司和钟鼓司之外又新设四斋、玉熙宫两个演剧机构,专习外戏,以满足宫廷的观剧需求。此事在宫廷戏剧发展史上具有里程碑的意义。一方面,此二机构取代钟鼓司、教坊司成为宫廷演剧的中坚,标志着明初建构起来的国家礼乐体系彻底瓦解。另一方面,这也标志着宫廷戏剧完全打破此前凝固滞后的局面,开始与民间戏剧同步发展,极大推动了南曲的兴盛和北杂剧的衰亡。
From the Wanli Dynasty to the Ming dynasty, the court drama showed a lively and prosperous situation. Legend of Nanqu became the absolute protagonist on the court stage. In particular, Emperor Shenzong set up two new theatrical institutions outside Si Chou Division and Bell & Drum Division in order to meet the court’s drama demand. This matter has a milestone significance in the history of court drama development. On the one hand, these two institutions replaced the Bell and Drum Division and taught Fangfang to become the backbone of the court drama, marking a complete dissolution of the national ritual and music system constructed in the early Ming. On the other hand, it also marks the court drama completely breaking the previous freeze the situation, started with the simultaneous development of folk drama, which greatly promoted the prosperity of the Southern Song Dynasty and the fall of the Northern Drama.