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目的了解天津市汉沽区2015年不同规模企业职业卫生管理情况,探讨相关问题,为完善该地区职业卫生管理工作提供参考依据。方法采取问卷调查的方式对汉沽区全部企业进行基本情况和职业卫生管理相关信息的调查。结果该区124家企业,其中微型企业33家(26.61%)、小型企业70家(56.46%)、中型企业18家(14.51%)、大型企业3家(2.42%),总从业人数21 877人,接触职业病危害的有8 297人(37.9%);分布最广的职业病危害因素为粉尘、噪声、高温;就全部企业而言,职业病危害申报、执行“三同时”等职业卫生管理相关指标的总执行率在16.1%~30.6%;按企业规模划分,除为接害人员做过职业健康检查和制定职业危害管理制度外,不同规模企业进行职业病危害申报、执行“三同时”、开展职业病危害检测、设置专门的职业卫生管理机构、配备职业卫生管理人员和制定劳保用品发放制度的执行率差异均有统计学意义,且企业规模越大执行程度越好。结论汉沽区企业职业卫生管理状况整体较差,尤其在职业卫生管理机构设置和职业卫生管理人员的配备方面甚是薄弱,应着重加强;微、小型企业存在问题严峻,应引起相关部门的高度重视。
Objective To understand the occupational health management of enterprises of different sizes in Hangu District in Tianjin in 2015 and explore related issues so as to provide reference for improving the occupational health management in this area. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate all the enterprises in Hangu District for the basic information and occupational health management. As a result, there were 124 enterprises in the district, of which 33 (26.61%) were micro-enterprises, 70 (56.46%) were small-scale enterprises, 18 (14.51%) were medium-sized enterprises, 3 (2.42%) were large enterprises and 21,877 , 8 297 (37.9%) were exposed to occupational hazards; the most widely distributed risk factors for occupational diseases were dust, noise and high temperature; for all enterprises occupational health hazards reporting and enforcement were also related to occupational health management According to the scale of enterprises, in addition to occupational health checks and the establishment of occupational hazards management system for personnel who have been harmed, enterprises of all sizes apply for reporting occupational disease hazards and implement the “Three Simultaneities” There were significant differences in the implementation rates of occupational disease hazard testing, establishment of specialized occupational health management agencies, deployment of occupational health managers and development of labor insurance products distribution systems. The larger the scale of enterprises, the better the implementation was. Conclusion The overall situation of occupational health management in Hangu District is poor overall, especially in the setting of occupational health management institutions and the deployment of occupational health managers, and should be strengthened. The existing problems of micro- and small-scale enterprises are serious and should be highly valued by relevant departments .