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【目的】研究异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridi不同色斑型成虫的耐寒能力,以明确其色斑型比例所呈现的季节性变化的适应意义。【方法】本文测定了异色瓢虫实验种群和自然种群不同色斑型成虫的过冷却点(Supercooling point,SCP)及低温存活率。【结果】同一发育温度下异色瓢虫实验种群不同色斑型成虫的SCP和低温存活率均没有显著性差异(P>0.05),但是低温暴露中饲养在25℃下成虫的存活率下降更为剧烈。异色瓢虫自然种群黑底型与黄底型成虫的SCP呈现出明显的季节性变化,其SCP在7月份最高,分别为﹣8.2℃和﹣7.5℃;在1月份达到最低,分别为﹣16.8℃和﹣18.2℃。越冬开始(11月)黑底型成虫的SCP低于黄底型成虫的,整个越冬期间黄底型成虫的SCP一直低于黑底型成虫的,但是异色瓢虫黑底型与黄底型越冬成虫的低温存活率却没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。【结论】越冬期间异色瓢虫黄底型成虫的SCP低于黑底型的,这样可以通过体液过冷却的方式来避免结冰造成的伤害,以增强其越冬种群的耐寒能力,这也可能是越冬期间异色瓢虫黄底型成虫数量显著上升的一个原因。
【Objective】 To investigate the cold tolerance of adults of Harmonia axyridi with different color, to clarify the adaptive significance of the seasonal changes presented by the proportion of color speckles. 【Method】 Supercooling point (SCP) and cryopreservation survival rate of adults and adults of different sexes were determined. 【Result】 There was no significant difference in SCP and cryopreservation rate between adults with different color spots on the same developmental temperature (P> 0.05). However, the survival rate of adults at 25 ℃ To be intense. The SCP of black and yellow sole adults of natural populations of C. heterophylla showed a seasonal variation with the highest SCP values of -8.2 ℃ and -7.5 ℃ in July and lowest in January, 16.8 ° C and -18.2 ° C. Overwintering beginning (November) The SCP of black-bottom adults was lower than that of yellow-bred adults, and the SCP of yellow-bred adults was consistently lower than that of black-bodied adults throughout the wintering period, but the black-and yellow-bred adults The survival rate of overwintering adults was not significantly different (P> 0.05). 【Conclusion】 The SCP of C. viscosus yellow-bottom adults overwintering was lower than that of black-bottom, thus avoiding the damage caused by icing through the supercooling of body fluids and enhancing the cold-tolerance ability of overwintering populations, which may also Is a reason for the significant increase in the number of yellow-littered adults of C. heterochocia overwintering.