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目的探讨亲子社会支持在老年人宽恕与孤独感之间的中介作用。方法 2015年3月,通过方便取样与入户访问结合的方式,采用宽恕特质量表(TFS)、老年人接受成年子女社会支持问卷和UCLA孤独感量表,对浙江省宁波市和湖南省长沙市400名≥60岁老年人进行问卷调查,有效调查382人。结果老年人孤独感得分为(2.14±0.43)分,以2.5分为中值,总体上处于相对较低水平(t=5.14,P<0.05);有无配偶对孤独感有重要影响(P<0.01),而性别、居住区域、教育状况和收入水平对其无明显影响(P>0.05);亲子社会支持及情感型支持、物质型支持、服务型支持、信息型支持各维度与宽恕呈明显正相关(r=0.28,0.36,0.09,0.19,0.23,P<0.05),亲子社会支持及其各维度与孤独感呈明显负相关(r=-0.33、-0.42、-0.15、-0.19、-0.28,P<0.05),宽恕与孤独感呈明显负相关(r=-0.41,P<0.05);结构方程模型拟合显示,亲子社会支持在老年人宽恕与孤独感之间起部分中介作用(NFI=0.96,RFI=0.92,IFI=0.98,TLI=0.96,CFI=0.98,RMESA=0.07),其中介效应占总效应的比例为15.6%。结论老年人宽恕对孤独感有直接影响,且部分是通过亲子社会支持的中介作用实现。
Objective To explore the mediating role of parent-child social support in the elderly forgiveness and loneliness. Methods In March 2015, the TFS, the social support questionnaire for adults and children and the UCLA loneliness scale were adopted to facilitate the combination of sampling and home visit. The city of 400 ≥ 60-year-old elderly questionnaire survey, an effective survey of 382 people. Results The score of loneliness in the elderly was (2.14 ± 0.43) points, with a median of 2.5, which was generally at a relatively low level (t = 5.14, P <0.05). The presence or absence of a spouse had a significant effect on loneliness (P < 0.01). However, gender, living area, educational status and income level had no significant effect on them (P> 0.05). The dimensions of social support, emotional support, material support, service support and information support were obvious (R = 0.28,0.36,0.09,0.19,0.23, P <0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between parental support and its dimensions and loneliness (r = -0.33, -0.42, -0.15, -0.19, - 0.28, P <0.05), and forgiveness was significantly negatively correlated with loneliness (r = -0.41, P <0.05). Structural equation modeling showed that parent-child social support played a partial mediating role between forgiveness and loneliness NFI = 0.96, RFI = 0.92, IFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.96, CFI = 0.98, RMESA = 0.07). The mediate effect accounted for 15.6% of the total effect. Conclusions Forgiveness in the elderly has a direct impact on the sense of loneliness and is partly mediated through parent-child social support.