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19世纪中期,英国思想家约翰·斯图亚特·密尔的名著《论自由》在英国思想界、知识界产生了较大影响。十年后,英国作家托马斯·哈代出版了小说《无名的裘德》。作为哈代的封笔之作,小说在很多方面都体现了密尔《论自由》中的观念。包括密尔所主张的个性自由、宗教自由以及婚姻自由。本文旨在从这三个方面,立足于哈代在小说中所塑造的人物形象来揭示《论自由》对《无名的裘德》的影响之深。此外,哈代对密尔的自由主义思想有着怎样的思考和质疑也是本文将要讨论的内容。
In the mid-19th century, the famous British writer John Stuart Mill’s theory of “freedom” had a great influence on intellectual circles in the British intellectual community. Ten years later, Thomas Hardy, a British writer, published the novel “Jude, the Nameless.” As a writing by Hardy, the novel in many ways embodies Mill’s concept of “freedom”. Including the personality freedom advocated by Mill, religious freedom and freedom of marriage. The purpose of this article is to reveal the deep influence of “On Freedom” on “Jude” with no name based on the characters portrayed by Hardy in his novels. In addition, Hardy’s thoughts and questions about Mill’s liberalism are also the topics to be discussed in this article.