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在冷战年代,苏美两个超级大国大搞军备竟赛,研制各种先进武器,大批量生产和不断更新武器。数十年来的军备竟赛使苏联只重视重工业和军事工业的发展,忽视农业和轻工业的发展。苏联政府每年把大量资金用于军工研究和生产上,结果耗尽国力,使国民经济畸形发展。至80年代末,在国民经济中农业占18％的比例,轻工业占20.5％,而重工业却占61.5％。国民经济结构比例严重失调,影响了经济的正常发展,并使市场上的食品和消费品供应问题长期无法解决,而且一年比一年恶化。在这种严峻的经济形势下,苏联领导人才不得不提出军工企业转产民用消费品问题。
During the Cold War era, the two superpowers of the Soviet Union and the United States engaged in arms race. They developed various kinds of advanced weapons, mass-produced them and continuously updated their weapons. The arms race in decades led the Soviet Union to pay attention only to the development of heavy industry and military industry, neglecting the development of agriculture and light industry. Every year, the Soviet government devotes large amounts of money to the research and production of military industry. As a result, it has exhausted its national strength and degenerated the national economy. By the late 1980s, agriculture accounted for 18% of the national economy, while light industry accounted for 20.5%, while heavy industry accounted for 61.5%. The serious imbalance in the structure of the national economy has affected the normal economic development and has left the problem of the supply of food and consumer goods in the market unsolvable for a long time and deteriorated year by year. In this grim economic situation, the Soviet leaders had to put forward the question of converting the civilian consumer products by military industrial enterprises.