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SUMO4 Met55Val variation was shown to be related to type 2 diabetes susceptibility and the vascular complications in Asian people.To further examine the related mechanisms,this study was designed to evaluate the association of SUMO4 Met55Val polymorphism with insulin resistance and βcell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients in a Chinese population.Four hundred and twenty seven newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were selected for SUMO4 Met55Val polymorphism genotype analysis.All subjects underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to estimate the insulin sensitivity and β cell function.Anthropometrics and a metabolic profile were used for phenotyping analysis.The results showed that the SUMO4 Met55Val polymorphism was associated with higher insulin resistance (P＜0.001) and lower insulin sensitivity (P＜0.001).Patients with GG genotype had higher levels of plasma glucose,insulin and C peptide.Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was closely correlated with body mass index (BMI) in patients with GG genotype in comparison to the counterparts with AG or AA genotype (r=-0.504 vs.r=-0.430 vs.r=-0.340).Multiple regression linear analysis showed that SUMO4 Met55Val polymorphism was an independent determinant for insulin sensitivity (P=0.001),which,along with triglyceride,BMI and sex,could account for 20.1％ of the variation in ISI.The result remained the same after adjusting for BMI and sex.No association was found between SUMO4 Met55Val polymorphism and β cell function (all P＞0.05).It was concluded that SUMO4Met55Val variant was associated with increased insulin resistance in Chinese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.