论文部分内容阅读
这篇文章对于从中世纪到近代欧洲政治思想和宗教观念的演变,近代国际关系的发展与国际法的诞生,都作了宏观描述。作者是以欧洲、特别是以罗马地中海世界为中心来看待历史变化的。它把封建制和封建君主制相对立,而我们认为封建制度体现一种生产方式,无论是公侯的割据制,出现议会后的等级君主制和封建的专制君主制,都只是封建社会的上层建筑。西方目前流行的关于中世纪的时间概念是从西罗马帝国灭亡到十五世纪末,此文显然持这种观点。它关于“帝国主义”的概念也和列宁主义的概念不同。总之,此文不是用历史唯物主义来描述历史发展,但它对于欧洲历史怎样从封建割据发展到海洋帝国以及近代国际组织的思想根源,都提出了自己的看法,可供我们参考。
This article provides a macro description of the evolution of political and religious ideas in Europe from the Middle Ages to modern times, the development of modern international relations, and the birth of international law. The author regards historical changes in Europe, especially in the Mediterranean world of Rome. It opposed the feudal and feudal monarchies, and we think that the feudal system embodies a mode of production, whether it is the princes of the separatist system, the emergence of post-parliamentary level monarchy and feudal autocratic monarchy, are only the upper feudal society building. The prevailing concept of time in the Middle Ages, from the demise of the Western Roman Empire to the end of the fifteenth century, apparently holds the view. Its concept of “imperialism” is also different from that of Leninism. In short, this article does not use historical materialism to describe historical development. However, it offers its own opinions on how European history has evolved from feudal separatism to the marine empire and the ideological roots of modern international organizations.