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美国国立卫生研究院Alfred D Steinberg文章:环磷酰胺是一种细胞毒免疫抑制剂和抗肿瘤药,已用于治疗多种人体疾患。它使重要的细胞大分子烷基化和磷酸化。除了选择性地杀死迅速分裂中的细胞外,环磷酰胺还能有效地抗非增殖期细胞。此药对于肿瘤治疗方案的效果有举足轻重之势,常与其他抗肿瘤剂联用。但环磷酰胺也可伴发号种副作用,其中包括继发性肿瘸,感染时白细胞严重减少和出血性膀胱炎。由于环磷酰胺能抑制B细胞及T细胞介导的免疫应答,许多内科医生以此药作为处理各种非恶性炎症性疾病患者的最后手段。类风湿性关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮和有关的自家免疫性风湿性疾病、Wegener氏肉芽肿病和其他形式的脉管炎、眼的炎性病、自家免疫性出血疾
Alfred D Steinberg, NIH Article: Cyclophosphamide is a cytotoxic immunosuppressive and antineoplastic drug that has been used to treat a variety of human disorders. It alkylates and phosphorylates important cellular macromolecules. In addition to selectively killing rapidly dividing cells, cyclophosphamide is also effective against non-proliferative cells. This medicine for the effect of cancer treatment programs have a decisive trend, often associated with other anti-tumor agents. However, cyclophosphamide can also be associated with several side effects, including secondary lameness, severe white blood cell infection and hemorrhagic cystitis. Since cyclophosphamide inhibits both B-cell and T cell-mediated immune responses, many physicians use the drug as a last resort in the treatment of a variety of non-malignant inflammatory diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and related autoimmune rheumatic diseases, Wegener’s granulomatosis and other forms of vasculitis, inflammatory diseases of the eye, autoimmune bleeding disorders