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目的:总结儿童人腺病毒7型混合肺炎支原体感染肺炎的临床特征。方法:选择2018年12月1日至2019年9月1日在武汉儿童医院确诊的36例人腺病毒7型混合肺炎支原体感染肺炎儿童为研究对象(混合感染组)，回顾性分析36例患儿的临床表现、实验室检查和影像学资料，并选取同期住院的94例单纯人腺病毒7型感染肺炎患儿作为单纯感染组。采用n t检验、非参数秩和检验及n χ2检验进行比较分析。n 结果:混合感染组患儿中，男25例，女11例，平均年龄3.11岁；主要临床表现为发热(97.2%)、咳嗽(100.0%)，且多表现为高热，平均体温为40.0 ℃，热峰约4次/d，平均热程11 d；重症肺炎率高(86.1%)，与单纯感染组(69.1%)比较差异有统计学意义(n χ2＝3.878，n P<0.05)；可合并心肌损害(55.5%)、心力衰竭(16.7%)、肝功能损害(25.0%)、消化道出血(5.5%)、中毒性脑病(11.0%)、噬血细胞综合征(16.7%)、闭塞性细支气管炎(50.0%)等并发症。细胞因子，如白细胞介素(IL)-6[237.84(108.59，606.36) ng/L]、IL-10[31.44(12.13，69.60) ng/L]、干扰素γ[(102.85±92.23) ng/L]均明显升高，其中IL-6、IL-10与单纯感染组[148.35(57.43，390.82)；19.67(10.96，35.35)]比较升高更为明显，差异均有统计学意义(n Z＝-1.984、-2.077，均n P<0.05)。混合感染组肺实变(50.0%)及胸腔积液(38.9%)均较常见，且胸腔积液发生率较单纯感染组(19.1%)明显升高，差异有统计学意义(n χ2＝5.594，n P<0.05)。n 结论:儿童腺病毒7型混合肺炎支原体感染肺炎多为重症肺炎，可能与细胞因子风暴有关。“,”Objective:To summarize the clinical features of children with pneumonia caused by coinfection of human adenovirus type 7 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.Methods:A total of 36 children with pneumonia caused by coinfection of human adenovirus type 7 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (coinfection group) diagnosed in the Wuhan Children′s Hospital from December 1, 2018 to September 1, 2019 were enrolled.Their clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, and imaging findings were retrospectively analyzed.In the same period, 94 children with single human adenovirus type 7 infection pneumonia were selected as the single infection group.Differences between 2 groups were compared using the Student′s n t-test, rank sum test and n Chi-n square test.n Results:In the coinfection group, 25 cases were males, 11 cases were females, their mean age was 3.11 years.The main clinical manifestations included fever (97.2%) and cough (100.0%). The mean body temperature was 40.0 ℃, with the thermal peak of 4 times per day, and the mean course of fever of 11 days.The incidence of severe pneumonia was significantly higher in coinfection group (86.1%) than that of single infection group (69.1%) (n χ2=3.878, n P<0.05). The common complications included myocardial damage (55.5%), heart failure (16.7%), liver function damage (25.0%), gastrointestinal bleeding (5.5%), toxic encephalopathy (11.0%), hemophagocytic syndrome (16.7%), and bronchiolitis obliterans (50.0%). The levels of cytokines like interleukin (IL)-6 [237.84(108.59, 606.36) ng/L], IL-10[31.44(12.13, 69.60) ng/L]and interferon-γ [(102.85±92.23) ng/L] were obviously elevated, and among them, IL-6 and IL-10 elevations were significantly pronounced in coinfection group than that of single infection group[148.35(57.43, 390.82); 19.67(10.96, 35.35)] (n Z=-1.984, -2.077, all n P<0.05). Lung consolidation (50.0%) and pleural effusion (38.9%) were common in coinfection group, and the incidence of pleural effusion in coinfection group was significantly higher than that of single infection group (19.1%)(n χ2=5.594, n P<0.05).n Conclusions:Most of the pneumonia caused by human adenovirus type 7 mixed Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children is severe pneumonia, which may be related to the cytokine storm.