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分析了２４个单交Ｓ３代选系主要粒性状的配合力及其与单交亲本杂种优势群的关系。结果表明：（１）不同选系的ＧＣＡ，ＳＣＡ均存在明显差异，但构成其穗粒重的高ＧＣＡ穗粒性状不同；（２）各选系多保持其单交亲本的高优势群，但同一单交各Ｓ３代选系同一性状的ＧＣＡ存在明显差异，极端ＳＣＡ测交系也不尽一致；（３）群内单交后代选系各性状的ＧＣＡ最小，ＳＣＡ极差最大；群间单交后代ＧＣＡ较大，强优势群间单交后代的ＳＣＡ极差最小。文章还讨论了同时提高新选系ＧＣＡ，ＳＣＡ的可能途径和方法。
The combining ability of main grain traits of 24 single crosses S3 progenies and their relationships with single cross parent heterotic groups were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) There were significant differences in GCA and SCA between different lines, but the GCA traits of different high GCA lines were different; (2) There were significant differences in the GCA of the same traits in the same single cross and the extreme SCA cross lines were also different. (3) The GCA of the traits in the single crosses of the single cross in the group was the smallest with the largest difference in SCA; The GCA of the offspring was larger and the SCA of the single crossover progeny among the strong predominance groups was the smallest. The article also discusses possible ways and means to improve GCA and SCA simultaneously.