一、概述到本世纪七十年代初期,世界上较先进的工业国,几乎已完全地将金属加热用的煤炉改为煤气炉或油炉。在六十年代这种燃料转换是最为迅速的。但是,金属加热的火焰炉,特别是中小型室式炉,在这种燃料转换中从设计上来说,变化很小。火焰炉的发展主要在炉用材料及其结构安装方法方面,而较少注意工业炉基本的燃烧过程和传热过程。加上在1973年以前,世界燃料价格较低,对于尽力提高炉子热效率的刺激性较小,通常钢的加热费用只占锻 I. Overview By the early 1970s, the world’s more advanced industrialized countries almost completely converted the coal-fired furnace used for metal heating to a gas or oil furnace. In the sixties this fuel conversion is the most rapid. However, metal-heated furnaces, especially small to medium-sized furnaces, are designed to change little in this fuel conversion. The development of the flame furnace mainly in the furnace material and its structural installation methods, and pay less attention to the basic industrial furnace combustion process and heat transfer process. In addition, by 1973, the world’s fuel prices were lower, and the incentives for maximizing the thermal efficiency of the furnace were small. Generally, the heating cost of steel only accounted for