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多孔炭材料具有高的比表面积、发达的孔结构、耐热、耐腐蚀、无毒无害、价廉、易操作等特点,以其为研究核心,在学术界和工业界均具有广阔的应用前景。通过胶晶模板法合成孔径在亚微米范围内的三维有序大孔炭,其高度规整的孔道结构,在吸附分离、催化和电极等领域已展现出巨大的应用潜能。利用双模板法将介孔结构融汇于三维有序大孔炭的孔壁中,设计构筑出三维有序大孔-介孔炭,势必会显著增强其应用价值。本文主要阐述了以胶晶为主体模板制备三维有序大孔炭的各种路径;采用双模板法将介孔引入大孔通道内获取三维有序大孔-介孔炭;探索影响孔结构参数的主要因素,并与各种功能材料复合增强其性能;着重对三维有序大孔炭及大孔-介孔炭在环境净化和新型能源转化与储备领域的应用进行概述。
Porous carbon materials with high specific surface area, well-developed pore structure, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, non-toxic harmless, inexpensive, easy to operate and so on, with its core research, both academia and industry have a wide range of applications prospect. The three-dimensionally ordered macroporous carbon with a pore size in the submicron range has been synthesized by the colloidal crystal template method. Its highly regular pore structure has shown great potential in the fields of adsorption and separation, catalysis and electrodes. The dual-template method is used to integrate the mesoporous structure into the pore wall of the three-dimensional ordered macroporous carbon. The design and construction of the three-dimensional ordered macroporous-mesoporous carbon will surely enhance its application value. In this paper, we mainly describe the various ways to prepare three-dimensional ordered macroporous carbon with colloidal crystal as the main template. We introduce the mesopores into the macroporous channels to obtain three-dimensional ordered macropores-mesoporous carbon by the double-template method. The main factors of the three-dimensional macromolecule composites are the combination of various functional materials to enhance their performance. The applications of three-dimensional ordered macroporous carbon and macroporous-mesoporous carbon in environmental purification and new energy conversion and storage are summarized.