一过性黑矇(amaurosis fugax)是指由于缺血所致短暂性单眼视力丧失。典型表现为一侧视力减退或丧失,症状在几秒钟内发展到高峰,持续数分钟,可累及整个视野;视力改变通常从上视野开始,少数从周边视野,极少数从下视野开始。多数病人无明显诱因。发作后有持久性视力丧失提示视网膜或视神经梗塞。病因包括颅外脑血管的血栓—栓塞性疾病,血液动力学改变和原发性一过性黑矇。栓子主要来自同侧颈总动脉及其分枝,50岁以上多见;也可来自心脏,如风湿性心脏病,消耗性或感染性心内膜炎和二尖瓣脱垂,一般认为瓣膜性心脏病伴房颤,心脏粘液瘤或心梗产生的栓子较大,不能到达眼血液循环,与一过性黑矇无关。血液动力学改变引起的一过性黑矇少见,常见于广泛动脉硬化,有颅外动脉闭塞者,多因体位改变,运动或暴晒诱发;这类病因引起的一过性黑矇进展慢,持续时间 Acute amaurosis (amaurosis fugax) refers to transient loss of monocular vision due to ischemia. A typical manifestation of one side of vision loss or loss of symptoms in a few seconds to the peak for several minutes, can affect the entire field of vision; visual acuity usually start from the upper field of vision, a few from the peripheral field of vision, a very small number from the lower field of vision began. Most patients no obvious incentive. Persistent loss of vision after the onset of retinal or optic nerve infarction tips. Causes include extracranial cerebrovascular thrombo-embolic disease, hemodynamic changes and primary blindness. Emboli mainly from the ipsilateral common carotid artery and its branches, more than 50 years of age; can also be from the heart, such as rheumatic heart disease, consumption or infective endocarditis and mitral valve prolapse, the general that the valve Sexual heart disease with atrial fibrillation, cardiac myxoma or myocardial infarction generated larger emboli, can not reach the eye blood circulation, has nothing to do with a transient amaurosis. Hemodynamic changes caused by transient malaise rare, common in extensive arteriosclerosis, extracranial artery occlusion, mostly due to changes in body position, exercise or exposure induced; transient darkness caused by such causes progress slow, sustained time