一 鐵与奴隸的關係 人類社會發展到野蠻時代的最高階段,由於生產工具的進步,生產經驗和勞动技能的丰富,開始認識了铁。铁制工具(主要是农具)的普遍应用,提高了生產,增加了人口,促成了社会上的大分工,於是人类便进入了文明時代。铁器使生产力加大,破壞了氏族的生產方式,使人奴役人为可能,人类的生活資料增多了,但是成了少數人的財富,大多數人則被迫着作了奴役農奴佃农或无產階級了。鐵器應用的歷史就是人类階級統治的歷史,這是多么不幸的事啊——但是最残酷的還是铁器制造者本身的历史! 製造鐵器是一椿相當複雜的工業,從採矿、烧炭、鎔冶、陶鑄到運输,需要很多的人工,而且這种种都是很苦的事情。鐵的利益早被氏族社会晚期刻薄成家的貴族認識了,如同过去專有‘山林陂泽’之利一樣,很快的就把 The relationship between iron and slavery The development of human society to the highest stage of the brutal age began to know the iron as a result of the advances in production tools, production experience and labor skills. The universal application of iron tools (mainly agricultural tools) has increased production, increased population and contributed to the great division of labor in the society, so that mankind has entered a civilization era. Ironwork has increased productivity, undermined the production of clans, made enslaving people possible, increased the means of subsistence of human beings, but became a fortune for the few, while most were forced to enslave serf-owners or proletariat It’s It is unfortunate that the history of the application of ironware is the history of the domination of the human race - but the most cruel thing is the history of the iron makers themselves! Ironworks is a rather complicated industry. From the mining, charcoal burning, Metallurgical, ceramic cast to transport, need a lot of manpower, but all kinds of things are very bitter. The interests of iron have long been known by aristocrats of the kinship-descent clan elders,