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文摘一词来源于拉丁语“referre”,原意是:通告、转达、报告。作为一种新兴的文体,文摘至今没有一个公认的权威定义。常见的大约有十几种,综合这些定义的实质,可作如下归纳: 文摘就是对原始文献简明而又完备的浓缩与择要。 有的学者从文体学的角度对文摘进行研究,认为公文、科技、政治、文艺这四种语体属于“原生语体”文摘,是一种贯通公文、政治、科技及文艺语体的“横向语体”。 但是,目前国内不少文摘类报刊,在编辑过程中,基本都采取一种更宽泛的理解。如在《报刊文摘》、《中国剪报》、《读者》文摘的内涵被极大地拓展了。举凡提要、摘要、摘录、概要、梗概、摘引、剪报、综述、缩写甚至文选,都可归纳在文摘语体之内。从文摘学的角度来看,这也许过于驳杂,缺乏科学缜密。有的学者据此提出了两个概念:“普及性文摘”与“情报性文摘”,借以区分狭义与广义的不同。
The word digest comes from the Latin “referre”, intended to: notice, convey, report. As an emerging style, abstracts so far do not have a generally accepted definition of authority. Commonly about a dozen, the essence of these definitions, can be summarized as follows: Abstracts are concise and complete enrichment of the original literature and choice. Some scholars study the digest from the perspective of stylistics. They think that the four languages of official document, science and technology, politics and literature and art belong to the abstracts of “native style”, which is a kind of “horizontal Style. ” However, at present, many digest newspapers and periodicals in China have basically taken a broader understanding in the editing process. As in the “Newspaper Digest”, “China Newspaper”, “Reader” abstracts have greatly expanded the connotation. Abstracts, excerpts, synopses, synopses, quotations, newspaper clippings, summaries, abbreviations and even anthologies can be summarized in the Digest. From an abstracts perspective, this may be too complicated, lack of scientific rigor. Some scholars put forward two concepts accordingly: “Universal Digest” and “Information Digest”, in order to distinguish between narrow and broad differences.