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五四时期知识界围绕中国能否立即实行社会主义的问题所进行的几次大论战,为革命社会主义思潮的广泛传播奠定了思想舆论基础,在中国现代政治思想领域内产生了深远影响。世纪之交的今天,重新审视前人在重大历史关头对国家民族前途命运所进行的思考,无疑有着理论和现实的双重意义。从陈独秀等社会主义者与梁启超、张东荪为代表的资产阶级改良派知识分子群体的论战中,我们看到:社会主义思想之所以能够迅速地在中国找到自己的立足点并形成强有力的社会思潮,是与中国特定的历史、社会和文化条件相适应的,正是这种特定的历史、社会、文化环境造成了社会主义思潮在落后的中国生长的重要根基。
In the May 4th period, the intellectual debate around the issue of whether or not China can immediately implement socialism has laid the foundation for ideological and public opinion for the widespread dissemination of the revolutionary socialist trend of thought and has had a profound impact in the field of modern Chinese political thought. At the turn of the century, it is undoubtedly of dual significance both in theory and reality to re-examine the predecessors’ thinking on the future and destiny of the nation and nation at a crucial historical moment. From the polemics of the bourgeois intellectuals represented by Liang Qichao and Zhang Dongsun, such as Chen Duxiu and other socialists, we can see that the reason why socialism can quickly find its own foothold in China and form a strong social trend of thought , Is compatible with China’s specific historical, social and cultural conditions. It is precisely this particular historical, social and cultural environment that has caused the important foundation for the growth of socialist ideology in the backward China.