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导电性能介于金属与绝缘体之间非离子性导电的物质,称为半导体。与金属的情况完全不同,半导体中杂质的含量和外界条件的改变,如温度变化、受光照射,都会使半导体的导电性能发生显著变化,即都具有单向导电或在光照下产生电势差的特性。根据这些特性便可制成各种半导体器件。半导体一般都是固体。而重要的半导体材料,除了硅之外,就是锗了。
Conductive properties between the metal and the insulator non-ionic conductive material, called the semiconductor. And completely different from the metal, semiconductor impurities and external conditions such as changes in the content, such as temperature changes, by light irradiation, will make a significant change in the conductivity of the semiconductor, which have a one-way conduction or in the light under the potential difference characteristics. According to these characteristics can be made of various semiconductor devices. Semiconductors are generally solid. Important semiconductor materials, except for silicon, are germanium.